Business Meals and Entertainment
Section 274(a)(1)(A) generally disallows a deduction for any item with respect to an activity of a type considered to constitute entertainment, amusement, or recreation Start Printed Page 11021(entertainment expenditures). However, prior to the amendment by the TCJA, section 274(a)(1)(A) provided exceptions to that disallowance if the taxpayer established that: (1) The item was directly related to the active conduct of the taxpayer’s trade or business (directly related exception), or (2) in the case of an item directly preceding or following a substantial and bona fide business discussion (including business meetings at a convention or otherwise), the item was associated with the active conduct of the taxpayer’s trade or business (business discussion exception). Section 274(e)(1) through (9) also provides exceptions to the rule in section 274(a) that disallows a deduction for entertainment expenditures. The TCJA did not change the application of the section 274(e) exceptions to entertainment expenditures.
Prior to amendment by the TCJA, section 274(n)(1) generally limited the deduction of food or beverage expenses and entertainment expenditures to 50 percent of the amount that otherwise would have been allowable. Thus, under prior law, taxpayers could deduct 50 percent of meal expenses and 50 percent of entertainment expenditures that met the directly related or business discussion exception. Distinguishing between meal expenses and entertainment expenditures was unnecessary for purposes of the 50 percent limitation.
Section 13304(a)(1) of the TCJA repealed the directly related and business discussion exceptions to the general prohibition on deducting entertainment expenditures in section 274(a)(1)(A). Also, section 13304(a)(2)(D) of the TCJA amended the 50 percent limitation in section 274(n)(1) to remove the reference to entertainment expenditures. Thus, entertainment expenditures are no longer deductible unless one of the nine exceptions to section 274(a) in section 274(e) applies.
While the TCJA eliminated the deduction for entertainment expenses, Congress did not amend the provisions relating to the deductibility of business meals.
Thus, taxpayers generally may continue to deduct 50 percent of the food and beverage expenses associated with operating their trade or business, including meals consumed by employees on work travel. See H.R. Rep. No. 115-466, at 407 (2017) (Conf. Rep.). However, as before the TCJA, no deduction is allowed for the expense of any food or beverages unless (a) the expense is not lavish or extravagant under the circumstances, and (b) the taxpayer (or an employee of the taxpayer) is present at the furnishing of the food or beverages. See section 274(k).